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Dietrich Eckart (23 March 1868 – 26 December 1923) was a German journalist, playwright, poet, and politician who was one of the founders of the ''Deutsche Arbeiterpartei'' (German Workers' Party - DAP), which later evolved into the Nazi Party (NSDAP). He was a key influence on Adolf Hitler in the early years of the Nazi Party and was a participant in the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch. He died shortly after the ''putsch'', and was elevated during the Nazi era to the status of a major thinker and writer. ==Early life== Eckart was born Johann Dietrich Eckart in 1868 in Neumarkt, Upper Palatinate (about twenty miles southeast of Nuremberg) in the Kingdom of Bavaria, the son of royal notary and lawyer Christian Eckart and his wife Anna, a devout Catholic. His mother died when he was ten years old. Young Dietrich was expelled from several schools; in 1895, his father died also, leaving him a considerable amount of money that Eckart soon spent. Eckart initially studied law at Erlangen, later medicine at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, and was an eager member of the fencing and drinking Student Korps. But he finally decided in 1891 to work as a poet, playwright, and journalist. Diagnosed with morphine addiction and nearly stranded, he moved to Berlin in 1899. There he wrote a number of plays, often autobiographical, and became the protégé of Count Georg von Hülsen-Haeseler (1858–1922), the artistic director of the Prussian Royal Theatre. After a duel, he was incarcerated at the Passau Oberhaus.〔Rosmus (2015), p49f〕 Eckart was a successful playwright, especially with his 1912 adaptation of Henrik Ibsen's ''Peer Gynt'', one of the best attended productions of the age with more than 600 performances in Berlin alone. In Eckart's version, the play became "a powerful dramatisation of nationalist and anti-semitic ideas", in which Gynt represents the superior Germanic hero, struggling against implicitly Jewish "trolls".〔Brown, Kristi. "The Troll Among Us", in Phil Powrie ''et al'' (ed), ''Changing Tunes: The Use of Pre-existing Music in Film'', Ashgate, 2006, pp.74-91.〕 As Ralph M. Engelman says, "Eckart meant his adaptation of Peer Gynt to represent a racial allegory in which the trolls and Great Boyg represented what () Weininger conceived to be the Jewish spirit."〔Engelman, R. ''Dietrich Eckart and the Genesis of Nazism'', Washington University, UMI Press, Ann Arbor, 1971, p.120.〕 This success not only made Eckart wealthy, it gave him the social contacts that he later used to introduce Hitler to dozens of important German citizens. These introductions proved to be pivotal in Hitler's ultimate rise to power. Later on, Eckart developed an ideology of a "genius superman", based on writings by the ''Völkisch'' author Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels; he saw himself following the tradition of Heinrich Heine, Arthur Schopenhauer and Angelus Silesius. He also became fascinated by the Buddhist doctrine of Maya (illusion). From 1907 he lived with his brother Wilhelm in the Döberitz mansion colony west of the Berlin city limits. In 1913 he married Rose Marx, an affluent widow from Bad Blankenburg, and returned to Munich.〔Chauvy, Gérard. ''Les Eminences grises du nazisme'', Ixelles Editions, 2014.〕〔Plewnia (1970), p.27.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dietrich Eckart」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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